Water Heater Sizing Calculator

Work out the first hour rating a tank heater needs, or the flow and heating power a tankless heater needs.

Water Heater Type
Busiest Hour of the Day
How many times each happens in your busiest single hour.
Fractions and decimals both work.
Gallons
Result
Detail
Heat output
Gas input
Electric
Look For

Sizing Notes

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How to Size a Water Heater

Tank heaters are sized by first hour rating (FHR): how many gallons of hot water the heater can deliver in an hour starting full. The U.S. Department of Energy says to add up your peak hour demand, the hot water you use in your busiest hour, and pick a heater with an FHR at least that large. The FHR is on the yellow EnergyGuide label.

Peak hour demand = Σ (gallons per use × uses in the busiest hour)

Tankless heaters are sized by flow rate and temperature rise: add up the flow of everything that might run at once, and find how many degrees the heater must raise the incoming water.

Heat needed (BTU/hr) = GPM × 500 × temperature rise (°F)   Burner input = heat ÷ efficiency
Electric (kW) = GPM × 500 × rise ÷ 3,412 ÷ efficiency

500 is 8.33 lb per gallon × 60 minutes. 3,412 BTU per hour make one kilowatt.

Worked Example

DOE Peak Hour Worksheet Values

UseGallons per Use
Shower20
Shaving2
Hand dishwashing or food prep3
Automatic dishwasher7
Clothes washer, top-loader25
Clothes washer, front-loader (H-axis)15

From the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Saver guide to sizing a new water heater. Its tankless example uses 0.75 GPM for a faucet and 2.5 GPM for a shower head.

Tips

Incoming water is much colder in winter in northern states, so size a tankless unit for the coldest month. Gas tankless units need large gas lines and venting; electric ones often need 100 A or more of dedicated circuits. Check the heater's rated flow at your temperature rise on the maker's chart.